New iFemineProduct Heat Problem
The Market Ticker ® - Commentary on The Capital Markets
Posted 2012-03-20 15:55
by Karl Denninger
in Company Specific
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New iFemineProduct Heat Problem
 

The problem isn't what people think it is on this folks...

Apple Inc. (AAPL)’s new iPad runs“significantly hotter” than the earlier model when conducting processor-intensive tasks such as playing graphics-heavy games, according to Consumer Reports, which tested the device.

The newest version of the market-leading tablet computer ran as hot as 116 degrees Fahrenheit, the consumer-watchdog group said on its website. Consumer Reports used a thermal-imaging camera to record the temperature while playing the action game “Infinity Blade II.”

The issue is not so much that it may be dangerous (that level of heat is not) it is that heat has a severe adverse impact on expected battery life.  Worse, since the battery is in close contact with the heat-producing parts of the unit (unlike a conventional laptop that tends to dangle the battery out back, much like a man's testes are outside of the core heat-producing part of his body) it is subject to all the adverse effect from the unit's heat production.

Oh yeah, did I forget to mention that the iPad's battery is not user-replacable?  Therefore, when the warranty (1 year) expires, well....

Non-replacable batteries and thus planned obsolescence have always been part of Apple's portable device strategy.  Lithium batteries lose about 5% of their capacity per year from the date of manufacture irrespective of use, and they lose capacity faster when stored, discharged or charged at high temperatures (chemical reactions proceed faster when hotter -- it's pretty simple stuff folks.)  This, incidentally, is why your cellphone seems to last for less and less time off-charge over the space of a year or two -- it really does, and if you live in a place (or use it in an environment) where it gets nice and hot the battery life is even more-severely compromised.

I'm quite sure that Apple has designed their new tablet to make it out of warranty before the battery's charge-holding capability reaches the point that you'll object.  That, incidentally, is usually about 20% below "as new" levels for most consumer devices.

To put this in perspective I have a lot of experience with rechargeable lithium battery packs and so do most of you, since they're in all your favorite consumer devices.  Laptops, cellphones, MP3 players, cameras and similar.  You may not have instrumented your batteries for capacity (in fact you probably haven't) but I have for a number of years across a number of different manufacturers.

All the literature you can find where formal studies have been done backs up the 5-7% charge capacity per year reduction assuming optimal storage, charge and discharge patterns, which are almost-never achieved in practice.  For example you should never discharge your lithium batteries below 20% of capacity or charge them over 80%.  You should store them with about half a charge in them in the refrigerator (NOT freezer!) when not in use.  They should never be exposed to high temperatures or rapid-charged (which causes them to heat up internally.)  And it's a good bet you violate every one of those recommendations with every single device you own.

In point of fact most consumer electronics reach the 20% loss of capacity (which is right about when you start to notice it and it becomes annoying) right around the second year of ownership for exactly this reasons.  I've never seen a laptop battery, for example, that wasn't down 20% in capacity by the end of its second year and a lot of them manage to clock in the 10-15% reduction of capacity range after one year of ownership.

This is not a big deal for the average laptop or cellphone, as you can buy a new battery and replace it by simply snapping it in. In addition you can sometimes obtain third-party replacement batteries that are higher-capacity (and better quality) than OEM at a lower price -- this is particularly true for some phones and digital cameras where Japanese (as opposed to "the Chinaman specials" that are originally used) cells are sometimes available at extremely competitive prices.  Canon's cameras are one very notable example of this where you can buy Japanese-manufactured replacements that are less than half the price of "branded" products with 10-15% more capacity than OEM!  Just watch what you're buying -- a lot of the eBay-sold stuff is utter and complete crap (and from China.)

But for Apple products this issue is a big deal indeed, since the batteries in the MacBook Air, iPod, iPhone and iPad are all sealed inside the case and not user-accessible.

Sure, you can buy an "extended warranty", but then you're just paying for the battery right up front ($100 for that plan) and you're hoping you need it in the second year.  If not you just flushed your $100, never mind that this raises the actual cost of that unit by $100 over a two-year service life even if you do take care of the battery to the best of your ability. 

Isn't that nice?

Incidentally, if you're buying the new iPad 3 and expect to use it heavily, given these temperature results, I hope you're paying the extra $100 up front and considering it part of the price of the device, as the odds are that you're going to be unhappy with what happens to the battery life before the second year is out.

You gotta love intentionally-designed-in obsolescence..... it's great for the bottom line right up until consumers get*****ed off about it and revolt.

PS: The "ad-hoc" cost for a battery replacement is..... (drum roll please).... $100. Nice mark-up on that I'm sure....

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Digitlman
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I'm not iSurprised.
Fraudster
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Speaking of which I need to change the battery on my Android phone..........which I am fully capable of doing.

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Peterm99
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Genesis wrote..
. . . you should never . . . charge them (lithium batteries) over 80%.
The user manuals for the chargers I have make no mention of this.

Do most battery chargers designed for lithium batteries stop charging at this level, or do they only shut off when the 100% level is reached?

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Crzymorse
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The record sales for the ipad include the ipad2 and the new ipad combined. Maybe Karl called this one right.

I'm going to hire a couple foxconn employees, ship them over here on H1B Visas, pay them 35k a year and let them change ipad batteries at $60 an ipad, if they could do 4 an hour I'm making out like a bandit.


Genesis
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They go right to 100%, or indistinguishably close to it.

The best chargers will go to about 90% and then shift into trickle mode for the last 10%, DRAMATICALLY reducing output. Amusingly enough the Motorola Triumph that Virgin Mobile sells has a charging circuit in it that does exactly this -- it turns the light "green" (full) at 90% instead of 100% and cuts the charge current to effective float levels (~20ma or so.) Most run right up to the wall at full output (if on a car charger, as high as 1000ma; computer USB ports are limited to 500ma.)

Nobody will tolerate a battery that is intentionally derated 20% on both ends in the consumer space so it's not done as a matter of course.

Lithium cells have a typical 500-cycle life before they lose 10-15% or so of capacity from cycling. If you run from 20% to 80% you almost double that since you're only using about half the capacity. Cute, right? Well yes except now you need twice as big (or as many) batteries for the same watt-hours to be consumed, no? Indeed. Small size, light weight, battery capacity. You can't have all three.

So for consumer devices this is not done. The problem comes with the typical cellphone or other device that is used every day. It's cycled daily, usually from 30-50% to 100% and back down, so in a year it absorbs about 300 cycles of equivalent use. Then you add to that the time penalty of 5-7%. If you keep the device on float charge all the time you can easily double the time penalty (e.g. a laptop which is frequently stored with the charger connected lest you need to wait 2-3 hours for it to charge before you grab it to go somewhere, or for that matter a tablet!)

Most cellphone, tablet and laptop batteries will show 15% or so capacity loss one year after they're manufactured, assuming they go into service within a month or so of being produced. If the product sits on the shelf then you take the additional time penalty on capacity as well. In fact I've never seen a laptop battery that isn't down 10% on capacity at the one year mark no matter who made it, going all the way back to my first NEC and Sony laptops.

Lithium rechargeable cells sold commercially also have a protective circuit that prevents over-discharging as that can be dangerous -- it frequently results in internal shorts which then cause the case to burst and the battery catches fire when recharged. There are typically two levels for that protective circuit -- the first cuts off output, the second is PERMANENT and shuts the cell down. If you trip the second the battery is a brick and if it's a hybrid series-wired battery (like for a laptop) ANY cell in the pack that trips bricks the entire pack. The idea is that when the first level trips you'll charge the device and avoid self-discharge hitting the second limit. You can buy individual cells that are "bare" but it's a bad idea unless you know what you're doing (e.g. you're going to put them into a pack with the proper protective circuitry)

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Enapa
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Speaking on batteries. What is the best battery i could buy for my htc thunderbolt?
Flaps10
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116° isn't very high, but they probably isolated it for the purpose of taking readings. It probably get's much higher when sitting on your lap, blanket, pillow, etc.

Most built in chargers are moronic. It takes an intelligent charger to sense the ability of the battery to take a charge.

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Ramthebulls
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My laptop switches to trickle charging past 95%. Why wouldn't this be standard industry practice?

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Gable
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Quote:
You gotta love intentionally-designed-in obsolescence..... it's great for the bottom line right up until consumers get*****ed off about it and revolt.


The Apple lovers will still buy them. I learned back in the beginning of home PCs there were folks who wanted the most bang for the buck so they built there own systems for half the price and twice the performance of the Apple computers. If you mentioned those facts to a Apple lover they would almost turn blue, but they still kept buying Apple. I think it is like Gucci or Armani products. Karl's "iFemine" handle is spot on.

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Genesis
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Enapa: Don't know for that device. What you want to know is the mass of the battery. Guess what -- the reactants have mass and the more reactants the more mass.... The non-reactant parts are more-or-less fixed (e.g. the mass of the contacts, the wires, etc.)

I've seen some good deals on third-party stuff and then I've bought some junk. When it's one battery you need it's tough -- usually I want two or three for things like my cameras, so I'll risk one at a third of the manufacturer's price and if it tests well I'll buy two more. You have to watch the chinese junk from places like FleaBay -- sometimes they're actually OEM or even better, but occasionally they're garbage or even worse are missing the internal circuitry that the phone or other device uses for sense, and if so it won't charge in your phone AT ALL.

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I don't care if it makes sense -- only if it makes money. -- Me
Bank (n): See scam, fraud and theft. Eat a bankster -- they're low-carb.
What part of "shall not be infringed" was unclear?
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Ram: 95% is too high; a proper design goes into trickle mode at 80% (preferred) or 90% (maximum) but the problem is that people won't put up with what that does to charge time.

Heat is the enemy of batteries and overcharging is a BIG producer of heat.

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I don't care if it makes sense -- only if it makes money. -- Me
Bank (n): See scam, fraud and theft. Eat a bankster -- they're low-carb.
What part of "shall not be infringed" was unclear?
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This is a GREAT feature ! Crack a few eggs on it in the morning whilst you're surfing your favorite alternative new sites, and breakfast becomes part of the experience ! Just call it the iFryPan !

Yummy !

smiley

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Brewcrew2
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Bah. Why worry about battery life 1-2 years out. By then, the "All-Newer iPad 4" will have hit the shelves and your "new iPad 3" will be obsolete. It's only another $600, just fork it over. It is totally worth it, everyone is going the iPad route. Nobody uses a real computer any longer, or uses an Apple competitor product.

/sarc
Marvinmartian
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I have a late 2008 Macbook Pro. I bought this about a year after they came out so I got a deal. Its the last Macbook Pro with a battery that can be replaced. I bought AppleCare, and the battery, the power unit and the optical drive have been replaced under the Applecare warranty. I have about 6 months to go on the extended warranty. I dont regret purchasing Applecare.

I typically use the laptop at home with the battery removed; it has about 50% charge as I do this. The battery outside the laptop has a temperature of about 70F. I might make it last longer by storing in the refrigerator, but I dont do so.

For most of what I do with this laptop, I might as well buy an Intel hackintosh. It wouldn't be expensive and I would have the advantage of generic hardware. I do a fair amount of work in the "bash" shell would miss it if it were gone.

I run NetBSD, FreeBSD from time to time - I have a triple boot system and its pretty easy to do this. Its quite easy to get addicted to Apples extensions that make OSX easier to use than either NetBSD or FreeBSD. I'm a stranger to Ubuntu Linux, though. Why run Linux when a BSD based system is so compatible?

What ties my experience to the post - non Apple software systems are quite widely available and generally replicate the "Apple" experience.

If it were not for the advertising, desktop/laptop Apple would not be viewed as a unique product. I'm not a user of their Apple's tablets so I cant say whether they really provide extra functionality.

Reason: minor grammar tweaks
Zerosum
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Ehh. Although my late-2009 MacBook Pro has never delivered the advertised battery duration, it's at 80% of design capacity now and I feel no need to replace the battery yet. It still runs longer, quieter and cooler than any one of five Windows laptops I ran through in the last decade.

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But the pixels are so beautiful.

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Enapa
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Thanks Karl! My battery seems decent after a year. Of course i have background data disabled and am not in a 4g area so thats not an issue. I always charge my phone at about 30-40% but didnt realize i shouldnt go to 100%. So far ive been lucky.
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One rule of thumb we used in chemistry is that chemical reactions double every 10 degrees celsius. I would guess that you could apply this to battery degradation as well.

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Genesis
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Yeah the problem is that your "gauge" is wrong. You need to profile to know what the remaining capacity is from "original design capacity."

I have a profiler here that will run a specific discharge rate and log the watt-hours used with a user-specified cut-off voltage. With that, starting from a given floating voltage on a lithium cell, I can get very accurate numbers. My Lenovo does this internally (and interestingly-enough it's actually accurate against an external check) although most devices simply give you "good/no good" indications, or worse, you find out when your "full" battery lasts 1/2 as long as it should!

I bought the thing originally a long time ago for entirely-unrelated reasons and found it very useful for things like dive lights where being back in a cave and KNOWING how long that battery will burn at a given amp draw suddenly becomes rather important. smiley

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I don't care if it makes sense -- only if it makes money. -- Me
Bank (n): See scam, fraud and theft. Eat a bankster -- they're low-carb.
What part of "shall not be infringed" was unclear?
Kamath
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My SonyEricsson P910i cell phone - one of the first smartphones - is about to turn 7 years old. Still works, but could use a new battery. Will never buy anything from Apple, and will not buy a new phone in advance.

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Zerosum
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Quote:
Yeah the problem is that your "gauge" is wrong.


Not a device that is critical for life processes. ;-)

When it was new I got 5 hours and a bit (the way I use the machine). Over about six months that crept down to four hours, where it has remained ever since. I am happy; my last WinTel laptop wouldn't last two hours after a year.

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"The new American Dream is to get to be very rich and still be regarded as a victim."
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Asimov
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I have an old pocket pc (dell axim) that I've read on for 6-7 years. Need to replace the battery but it keeps limping along and as long as I charge it daily, I can read on it for 4-5 hours quite easily before it actually quits (but the "low battery" warning comes on after about 2.)

However, I used to be able to read on it for a 72 hours+ without even getting the low battery warning.

Let it sit for 3 days, and it won't even power up.

Still shows "full charge" when you unplug it though.

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Genesis
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Yeah, the "perception" is that you start to get annoyed at about 20% loss of capacity. The problem is that there's a "knee point" not far from that 20% loss area for most of these batteries where you start losing capacity at an ever-accelerating rate. It's entirely possible to go from 80% capacity to 40% (or less) in six months' time.

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I don't care if it makes sense -- only if it makes money. -- Me
Bank (n): See scam, fraud and theft. Eat a bankster -- they're low-carb.
What part of "shall not be infringed" was unclear?
Asimov
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I'm probably at about 20% with that pocket pc. One thing I can say for it - I haven't noticed any further degradation in probably 2 years.

What actually killed the battery on it was leaving it unplugged and not using it for about 4-5 months. After that, it went downhill FAST, and then leveled out about where it is now.

Still wondering whether to replace it's battery or find one of the new readers that'll handle all the .lit books I have.

[Edit: Oh, one other thing - don't dare turn on networking with it. It will go from 100% to turning itself off in less than 5 minutes.]

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It's justifiably immoral to deal morally with an immoral entity.
If you trade based on what other people say, you will lose money. Especially what I say. I won't be held responsible. Festina lente.

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